Sit to Stand Test

Getting up from a chair is an important aspect of ADL. The Sit-to-Stand (STS) assessment is widely used for evaluating a person's ability to stand up from a chair. Traditionally, the time needed for 5 repeated chair rises is the only parameter that is measured. However, research with force plates and camera systems has shown that a qualitative evaluation based on kinematic movement parameters can yield many new insights. McRoberts' Sit to Stand analysis enables you to obtain such a qualitative evaluation unobtrusively.

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Method

The DynaPort MT measures 3-dimensional accelerations and angular velocities. These signals are used to identify standing up and sitting down and other events during these actions, such as maximum flexion angle. Finally, maximum angular velocities and angular range of motion of the Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit are determined.

Research

In comparison to force plate measurements the Sit to Stand method instrumented by the DynaPort MoveTest shows high agreement for both the sit-stand and stand-sit events in supervised conditions [1]. With the Sit to Stand module differences between young and elderly subjects have been shown [2]. Additionally, a method of seat-off and seat-on detection has been evaluated [3]. Recently the Sit-To-Stand test instrumented with the DynaPort MoveTest showed stronger associations with health status, functional status and daily physical activity of older adults than manually recorded test durations [4].

Outcomes

Sit to Stand - total duration

The duration of each Sit-to-Stand cycle, from standing up to sitting down, is automatically calculated.

Sit to Stand - sub durations

The duration of the dynamic phases (flexion and extension of the trunk) as well as those of the static phases (sitting and standing) are given.

Sit to Stand - trunk angles

The degree of flexion and extension of the trunk is calculated for standing up and sitting down.

Sit to Stand - maximum vertical velocity

Maximum velocity in vertical direction is calculated for the rising-phases and for the descending-phases.

Sit to Stand - maximum angular velocity

The maximum trunk angular velocity is calculated during each rising-phase and descending-phase.

1. Zijlstra, A., Mancini, M., Lindemann, U., Chari, L., Zijlstra, W. (2012). Sit-Stand and Stand-Sit Transitions in Older Adults and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Event Detection Based on Motion Sensors Versus Force Plates. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 9(75), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-9-75
2. van Lummel, R. C., Ainsworth, E., Lindemann, U., Zijlstra, W., Chiari, L., Van Campen, P., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Automated Approach for Quantifying the Repeated Sit-To-Stand Using one Body Fixed Sensor in Young and Older Adults. Gait & posture, 38(1), 153-156. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.10.008
3. van Lummel, R. C., Ainsworth, E., Hausdorff, J. M., Lindemann, U., Beek, P. J., & Van Dieën, J. H. (2012). Validation of Seat-Off and Seat-On in Repeated Sit-To-Stand Movements Using a Single-Body-Fixed Sensor. Physiological measurement, 33(11), 1855.
4. van Lummel, R. C., Walgaard, S., Maier, A. B., Ainswort, E., Beek, P. J., van Dieën, J. H. (2016). The Instrumented Sit-to-Stand Test (iSTS) Has Greater Clinical Relevance than the Manually Recorded Sit-to-Stand Test in Older Adults. PLOSone, 11(7), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157968